Cognitive Principles in Mobile Learning Applications

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As m-learning (mobile-learning) applications are rapidly growing, it is important to incorporate principles of human cognition in those applications. In the present study, a foreign language learning application environment was developed using various learning methods in order to identify optimal m-learning applications. Using computer-based learning experiments that assimilate an m-learning environment, participants were tested over their long-term memory retention of newly learned German vocabulary words. Specifically, we compared the effectiveness of rote learning, retrieval practice, repeated retrieval practice, and the keyword method. Experiment 1 showed that repeated retrieval practice was more beneficial for memory especially for longer retention intervals. Experiment 2 yielded that repeated retrieval practice was more effective for learning German vocabulary words than the keyword and rote learning methods. No statistical differences were found between the keyword and rote learning conditions. The present research suggests that retrieval practice can be effectively incorporated in m-learning applications. Implications and future directions are discussed.