Cognitive Motor Interference During Walking in Multiple Sclerosis Using an Alternate-Letter Alphabet Task

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine cognitive motor interference (CMI) during walking using a simple, standardized, and well-refined alphabet dual-task (DT) paradigm in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in whom cognitive and walking impairment often co-occur. DesignA single time point, cross-sectional study. SettingA university clinical laboratory. ParticipantsIndividuals with MS (N=61; mean age ± SD, 50.8±9.3y) performed 4 walking trials over a 4.6-m walkway to determine gait parameters. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresGait parameters were assessed over 4 walking trials. The first 2 walks involved the single task (ST) of walking only; the second 2 walks involved participants performing the DT of reciting alternate letters of the alphabet while walking. The gait parameters recorded during the ST and DT walks were used to compute a dual-task cost (DTC) of walking (% change in gait parameter between ST and DT walks) as a metric of CMI. ResultsOur multivariate analysis with univariate follow-ups indicated CMI during walking based on slower velocity (ηp2=.59; F=84.6; P<.001) and cadence (ηp2=.46; F=51.6; P<.001), shorter step length (ηp2=.38; F=36; P<.001), and increased step time (ηp2=.34; F=31; P<.001) and double-support time (ηp2=.31; F=27.3; P<.001) in DT versus ST conditions. The DTC of walking for the gait parameters was not correlated with clinical (disability, disease duration) and demographic (eg, education, age) factors (all |r|≤.240). ConclusionsThe alphabet DT paradigm is easily administered and well refined. We highlight its ability and acceptability to determine CMI during walking in people with MS, independent of disease status.