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Abstract
The role of peripheral biomarkers following acute physical exercise on cognitive improvement has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to explore the role of peripheral circulating biomarkers in executive performance following acute aerobic and resistance exercise. Nineteen healthy males completed a central executive (Go/No-Go) task before and after 30-min of perceived intensity matched aerobic and resistance exercise. In the aerobic condition, the participants cycled an ergometer at 40% peak oxygen uptake. In the resistance condition, they performed resistance exercise using elastic bands. Before and after an acute bout of physical exercise, venous samples were collected for the assessment of following biomarkers: adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose, lactate, cortisol, insulin-like growth hormone factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Reaction time decreased following both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise (p = 0.04). Repeated measures correlation analysis indicated that changes in reaction time were not associated with the peripheral biomarkers (all p > 0.05). Accuracy tended to decrease in the resistance exercise condition (p = 0.054). Accuracy was associated with changes in adrenaline [rrm(18) = −0.51, p = 0.023], noradrenaline [rrm(18) = −0.66, p = 0.002], lactate [rrm(18) = −0.47, p = 0.035], and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [rrm(17) = −0.47, p = 0.044] in the resistance condition. These findings suggest that these peripheral biomarkers do not directly contribute to reduction in reaction time following aerobic or resistance exercise. However, greater sympathoexcitation, reflected by greater increase in noradrenaline, may be associated with a tendency for a reduction in accuracy after acute resistance exercise.
Highlights
Acute aerobic exercise at light/moderate intensity improves cognitive performance (Chang et al, 2012; McMorris, 2021)
For heart rate (HR), we found a significant interaction between Exercise Type and Time, and HR was significantly greater during aerobic exercise than that during resistance exercise (p = 0.004)
ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) increased after aerobic and resistance exercise. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline increased after both aerobic and resistance exercise, but there were no differences between the modalities
Summary
Acute aerobic exercise at light/moderate intensity improves cognitive performance (Chang et al, 2012; McMorris, 2021). It is widely speculated that an increase in arousal is responsible for these improvements in cognitive performance (Chang et al, 2012; Ando et al, 2020; McMorris, 2021). The mechanism(s) responsible for cognitive improvement following acute aerobic and resistance exercise remain unclear. The role of peripheral biomarkers following acute physical exercise on cognitive improvement has not been systematically evaluated. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are important for the adaptive response to physiological stressors through the activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary system (Danese et al, 2018). In this context, there is some evidence in the literature that acute physical exercise increases circulating catecholamine concentrations (Pontifex et al, 2019; McMorris, 2021). Increased circulating adrenaline and noradrenaline may, at least in part, lead to an improvement in executive performance
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