Abstract
Introduction. The cognitive functions usable in the sports performance are for example an ability to anticipate, perception and speed of movement reactions, decision-making ability or attention. These abilities or functions apply differently to different sports. It means that open skill sports such as team sports, require the coordination of complex bodily movements and adaptation to continually changing task demands.The aim of this study is to identify differences in the level of female's cognitive functions regarding the chosenopen skill sportsand closed skill sport disciplines. Material and Methods. The research group consisted of 84 women aged 22.70±1.71 years. Women were divided into three groups in terms of sport discipline into: female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines (n=26), in open skill sport disciplines (n=19) and not engaged in any sport activity (n=39). We used standardized S-test to determine the level of cognitive functions. It is a test of spatial orientation and concentration of attention with accentuated demands on the pace of activity. Results. The results have shown that female engaged in open skill sport disciplines have shown higher level of cognitive functions than female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines (p=0.04) and also as nonathletes (p=0.02). There was no difference in cognitive function between female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines and nonathletes. Conclusions. Our results confirm the theory of different involvement of cognitive functions from the point of view of different types of sport disciplines.
Highlights
The cognitive functions usable in the sports performance are for example an ability to anticipate, perception and speed of movement reactions, decision-making ability or attention
That the highest level of cognitive function is registered in the group of female open skill sport athletes, on the contrary, the lowest level of cognitive function we noticed in the group of nonathletes
We looked at the difference between groups of athletes – closed skill sport disciplines and open skill sport disciplines
Summary
The cognitive functions usable in the sports performance are for example an ability to anticipate, perception and speed of movement reactions, decision-making ability or attention These abilities or functions apply differently to different sports. The results have shown that female engaged in open skill sport disciplines have shown higher level of cognitive functions than female engaged in closed skill sport disciplines (p=0.04) and as nonathletes (p=0.02). Cognitive functions are defined as a person's ability to participate in, recognize and plan responses to both external and internal stimuli They include executive functions, which mean the ability to plan and schedule an activity, focus on task-related information, and perform multiple activities simultaneously. In open skill sport disciplines athletes are required to react in a dynamically changing, unpredictable and externallypaced environment (e.g., basketball, tennis, football and etc) Those sport disciplines may develop some cognitive function, visual attention, decision making or action execution. On the other hand, closed skill sport disciplines are relatively highly consistent, predictable, and self-paced for athletes (e.g., running, swimming) [9,10,11]
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