Abstract
Sport activity can be a moderator of change in the level of cognitive and executive functions. This research sample consisted of 71 men aged 22.66 ± 1.91 years. This group was split into two subgroups: nonathletes (n = 26) and athletes (n = 45). The athletes included open skill sport athletes (n = 21) and closed skill sport athletes (n = 24). We used a standardized S-test to detect the level of cognitive functions, a standardized EPQ-R questionnaire to find out the degree of neuroticism and a standardized IVE questionnaire to measure the level of impulsivity. For data processing, we used the Kruskal–Wallis test following the Mann–Whitney test. To calculate the effect of size differences we used the coefficients η2 and r. Our research showed a higher level of cognitive function of athletes compared to nonathletes. More detailed data analysis showed that open skill sport disciplines are influential. There is also a negative relationship between the level of cognitive function and the degree of impulsivity and neuroticism. It seems that sport activity, specifically open skill sport disciplines, has the potential to increase the cognitive functions of young adult men. Personality traits—neuroticism and impulsivity—have a negative relationship with the level of cognitive functions of young men.
Highlights
IntroductionExercise and physical activity, which are performed outdoors in the fresh air, are very often mentioned as part of a healthy lifestyle
Exercise and physical activity, which are performed outdoors in the fresh air, are very often mentioned as part of a healthy lifestyle.Most cognitive functions reach their highest level at the end of adolescence or at the beginning of younger adulthood
Results showed that there are differences in the level of cognitive function regarding the involvement in the sport activity (U = 356.5, p = 0.006 and r = 0.32)
Summary
Exercise and physical activity, which are performed outdoors in the fresh air, are very often mentioned as part of a healthy lifestyle. Most cognitive functions reach their highest level at the end of adolescence or at the beginning of younger adulthood. The thinking and problem solving of young adults is more flexible. They can combine information better and use memory more efficiently [1,2]. The basic cognitive functions include thinking, attention, memory and perception. The subcategory of cognitive functions consists of executive functions, which include the ability to anticipate, plan, make decisions, etc
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