COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN PREFRAILTY BASELINE ANALYSIS OF TOYOTA PREVENTIONAL INTERVENTION FOR COGNITIVE DECLINE AND SARCOPENIA (TOPICS) STUDY

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A number of studies have reported that frailty is associated with cognitive decline cross-sectionally and is also a risk for future cognitive decline or incidence of dementia, however, there have been only a few studies that focus on the association of prefrailty and cognitive dysfunction. In the current study we assessed the cognition of older community dwelling subjects with cognitive complaints, and investigated the association between prefrailty and cognition. A cross-sectional study of the data at the registration of a randomized control trial to assess the effects of different types of exercise (aerobic, resistance, and combination of both types) on cognition. A battery of neuropsychological assessments was performed. Prerailty was defined as one or two components of 5 of Fried criteria. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of continuous variables. The distribution of frequencies for categorical variables was analyzed with the Chi-square (χ2) test. We performed a multiple regression analysis to investigate the associations of cognitive performance and prefrailty adjusting with the factors significantly different factors between the robust and prefrailty groups. For the cognitive assessment of significantly associated with prefrailty, logistic analysis was performed to see if specific one of 5 frailty criteria was associated with cognitive performance. The number of 183 prefrail and 264 robust subjects were involved. In the current study subjects of prefrailty with cognitive complaints were older, less educated, more depressive, and more likely with DM than the robust. The prefrail subjects had lower performance in a wide-range of cognitive domains, and after adjustment of age, education, depressive mood, and DM the prefrailty was associated with declined delayed memory and processing speed assessment. Among the components of the Fried criteria slow gait speed and loss of activity were significantly associated with slow processing speed assessed by Digit symbol substitution test The current results demonstrated that prefrailty was associated with cognitive dysfunction. It is clinically relevant whether cognitive improvement is accompanied with the transition of prefrailty to robust through interventions including exercise or nutrition.