Abstract
Coffee silverskin, the major coffee-roasting by-product, is currently used as fuel and for soil fertilization. However, there are several studies reporting silverskin as a good source of bioactive compounds that can be extracted and further used by cosmetic industry. Its high antioxidant potential may be due to the synergistic interaction of chlorogenic acids (1–6%), caffeine (0.8–1.25%), and melanoidins (17–23%), among other antioxidant compounds. The bioactive compounds of silverskin can answer to the new fields of cosmetic industry on natural active ingredient resources that improve health skin appearance, counteract skin aging and related diseases, in an environmentally friendly approach. Skin aging is a complex process associated with oxidative metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. ROS production increase matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as well as pro-inflammatory mediators, resulting in consequent skin damage and aging. To counteract this process, cosmetic industry is looking for compounds able to increase MMP inhibitory activities, hyaluronidase inhibitory activity, expression of collagen and elastase inhibitory activity, as potential bioactive ingredients with anti-aging purposes. This review focuses on skin aging factors and the potential anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cellulite and anti-hair loss activity, as well as protection against UV damage, of coffee silverskin and their bioactive compounds.
Highlights
Coffee is the most popular beverage over the world, being its regular consumption highly increasing
Its use can be seen as a gain for human health, and to the environment and industries, answering to the principles of sustainability and circular economy
Silverskin is a promising matrix that can answer to the new fields of cosmetic industry on natural active ingredients that improve health skin appearance, counteract skin aging and related diseases, in an environmentally eco-friendly approach
Summary
Coffee is the most popular beverage over the world, being its regular consumption highly increasing. The chemical characterization of coffee residues and their use as potential bioactive ingredients for development of novel functional products emerge as a factor of environmental sustainability and economic recovery to the companies of coffee processing and roasting. Other important bioactive compounds present in CS are chlorogenic acids (1–6%) (being 5-O-, 3-O- and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acids the most relevant ones), caffeine (0.8–1.25%), and Maillard reaction products formed during the roasting process, namely melanoidins (17–23%). Attending nutritional and chemical composition, antioxidant activity and several bioactive compounds, CS emerges as a interesting product to be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Silverskin is a potential candidate to replace synthetic chemicals as active ingredients in cosmetic formulations due to their high antioxidant potential, phenolic compounds, melanoidins and caffeine contents [19].
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