Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Obesity in Korean Women.

Jeonghee Lee,Hye Kim,Jeongseon Kim

doi:10.3390/nu9121340

Abstract

Instant coffee mixes that contain sugar and non-dairy creamer account for 80–90% of the total coffee market in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and obesity in Korean women. We included 5995 women who participated in a health screening examination at the Korean National Cancer Center between 2007 and 2016. Daily coffee consumption and the use of sugar and creamer in coffee was evaluated using a 106-item food frequency questionnaire. Obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI), and abdominal obesity was assessed by waist circumference (WC). A multiple logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of obesity according to coffee consumption. After multivariate adjustment, high coffee consumption was positively associated with obesity as measured by BMI (≥3 cups vs. no drinks, OR = 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.91–3.34; p for the trend < 0.001) and abdominal obesity as measured by WC (≥3 cups vs. no drinks, OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.59–2.79; p for the trend < 0.001). The positive association between daily coffee consumption and obesity prevalence was not altered by menopause. The amount of coffee with additives consumed per day by Korean women was positively correlated with the prevalence of obesity, but causation cannot be determined due to the cross-sectional nature of the study design. The mechanism underlying the observed relationship is yet to be elucidated.

Highlights

Obesity is a major global public health problem
The results were similar for Model 2, which was adjusted for age, education level, occupation, alcohol intake, smoking status, regular exercise and total energy intake
Given changes in coffee consumption patterns, future studies should examine potential changes in obesity prevalence rates. In this cross-sectional study, frequent coffee consumption by Korean women was associated with high obesity prevalence

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is a major global public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes obesity as a global epidemic due to the rapid increase in the number of obese people [1]. In 2014, approximately 53% of adults in the world were overweight or obese [2]. Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer steadily increase with increasing body mass index (BMI) [3,4,5]. Mortality rates increase with higher degrees of overweight [6]. Obesity is influenced by many dietary factors, including an increase in beverage consumption [6,7]. Increased sugar-sweetened beverage or fruit juice intake has been found to be associated with increased weight gain in women [7,8]

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Conclusion