Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether daily consumption of coffee and tea was associated with components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study.MethodsA cross-sectional population-based survey including 8,821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Krakow, Poland. Coffee and tea consumption was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals.ResultsAmong high coffee and tea consumers (3 or more cups/day), high prevalence of female gender, young age, medium–high educational and occupational level, high total energy intake, and smoking habit were found. High coffee drinkers had lower BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day. In contrast, high tea consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference, but not diastolic blood pressure, which was higher than low drinkers. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, both higher coffee and tea consumption were negatively associated with MetS (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.66, 0.86 and OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67, 0.92, respectively). Among specific components of MetS, high coffee consumption was negatively associated with waist circumference, hypertension, and triglycerides, whereas tea consumption with central obesity and fasting plasma glucose in women, but not in men.ConclusionsCoffee and tea consumption was negatively associated with MetS and some of its components.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the presence of a group of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity, which clustered together are associated with greater cardiovascular disease risk [1, 2]
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether daily consumption of coffee and tea was associated with components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study
High coffee drinkers had lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the presence of a group of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity, which clustered together are associated with greater cardiovascular disease risk [1, 2]. The prevalence of MetS has increased over recent decades, reaching alarming rates worldwide [3, 4]. There are important differences between regions, which could be attributed to diet and lifestyle that differ by country [5, 6]. A protective effect is attributable, at least in part, to the contents of plant-derived foods and bioactive phytochemicals in the diet. The components of MetS have been inversely associated with dietary pattern including polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruit and vegetables as well as olive oil and red wine [7]. Increasing experimental and epidemiological studies pointed out the possible beneficial effects of coffee
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