Abstract
The joint development of continental and marine economies has become an important driving force for the upgrading of industrial structures. However, because of the differences in resource endowment and development potential, developing industrial structures and the quality of economic development are uneven among regions. In this study, the added values of three land-sea industries in the three marine economic circles of northern, eastern, and southern China, were employed to clarify the evolutionary behavior of the industrial structure of these three circles on the land and sea; the synchronization, lag, equilibrium, and dislocation of developing the industrial structure were also explored which a gray relational model based on convex judgment and gray time difference analyses were used to construct a relational model from the static and dynamic aspects of the system, and the internal and external linkages of the industrial structure of the three circles were analyzed from the perspective of industrial correlation. The results show that: (1) Correlations among the linkages of the three economic circles in the marine industrial structure, both including and without temporal and spatial differences, and the marine feedback driver, differ markedly. (2) The effects of feedback for marine industrial development from the Eastern Marine Economic Circle were stronger, whereas those of the Southern Marine Economic Circle were weak and those of the Northern Marine Economic Circle were ambiguous. (3) A significant difference was observed in the degree of coevolution among the land-sea industrial structures of these areas. The Northern Marine Economic Circle exhibited a slightly higher degree of coevolution than the other two economic circles, showing a stable trend of coevolution and wide spatial development. The eastern and southern circles displayed high degrees of coordination in developing their industrial structures. The research results provide a reference for regional adjustment and optimization of industrial structure.
Highlights
The 21st century has been called the “century of the marine economy”, which was stated in the “United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”, published in May 2001
The external linkage means that the land industry is the external environment of the marine industry system, and, the marine industry is the external environment of the land industry system
The primary, secondary, and service sectors of the three economic circles were taken as the original sequences, and the gray correlation degrees based on the convexity of the three industries on land were measured (Table 3)
Summary
The 21st century has been called the “century of the marine economy”, which was stated in the “United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”, published in May 2001. The sea is both a cradle of life and a source of resources, as it contains abundant strategic resources critical to human development, such as energy, minerals, water, and rare metal resources [1]. Under the guidance of the marine power theory, the United States was transformed from a naval power into a marine power. The United Kingdom, continued to focus on marine development and enjoyed the dividends of using marine resources. According to the “Bulletin of Marine Economic Statistics of China 2020” [5], despite the impact of COVID-19, China’s gross operating profit was USD 1.1596 trillion in 2020, contributing 7.34% of the total gross domestic product (GDP), which is twice the contribution of China’s marine GDP in 2000
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