Cochlear Mechanisms: Structure, Function, and Models

Abstract

1. Hair Cell Ultrastructure.- Structural organization of the mammalian auditory hair cells in relation to micromechanics.- Observations on the cytoskeleton and related structures of mammalian cochlear hair cells.- A comparative study of actin filaments in cochlear hair cells: outer hair cells in the apex of the guinea pig cochlea contain a unique ultrastructural feature.- The lateral walls of inner and outer hair cells.- Tip-link organization in relation to the structure and orientation of stereovillar bundles.- 2. Micromechanical measurements and models.- Hair cell mechanics controls the dynamic behaviour of the lateral line cupula.- Aminoglycoside antibiotics and lectins cause irreversible increases in the stiffness of cochlear hair-cell stereocilia.- Mechanical analysis of hair cell microstructure and motility.- A model for bidirectional transduction in outer hair cells.- A three-degree-of-freedom active micromechanical model of the cochlear partition.- Outer hair cells possess acetylcholine receptors and produce motile responses in the organ of Corti.- Mechano-electrical transduction in turtle hair cells.- Transducer motor coupling in cochlear outer hair cells.- Structure of the cortical cytoskeleton in outer hair cells from the guinea pig organ of corti.- Gating compliance, a reduction in hair-bundle stiffness associated with the gating of transduction channels in hair cells from the bullfrog's sacculus.- Simultaneous recording of fluctuations of hair-bundle defection and intracellular voltage in saccular hair cells.- Micromechanical movements of chick sensory hair bundles to sinusoidal stimuli.- Micromechanical basis of high-frequency tuning in the bobtail lizard.- Mechanical coupling between inner and outer hair cells in the mammalian cochlea.- 3. Electrophysiological Measurements.- Phase reversal of ohc response at high sound intensities.- Outer hair cell receptor current and its effect on cochlear mechanics.- Saturation of receptor currents accounts for two-tone suppression.- Components of the membrane current in guinea pig inner hair cells.- Cochlear nonlinearities reflected in inner hair cell responses.- Asymmetries in motile responses of outer hair cells in simulated in vivo conditions.- Round window cochlear microphonic and atrophy of short and middle stereocilia on outer hair cells in hydropic cochleas in guinea pigs.- Postnatal developement of the cochlea in horseshoe bats.- On the origin of interspecific differences in auditory susceptibility.- Response properties of turtle auditory afferent nerve fibers: evidence for a high order tuning mechanism.- Cochlear filtering: a view seen through the temporal discharge patterns of single cochlear nerve fibres.- Cochlear nonlinearities implied by the differences between transient onsets and offsets to a tone burst.- "Peak-splitting": intensity effects in cochlear afferent responses to low frequency tones.- 4. Discussion Session I.- 5. Otoacoustic Emissions.- Historical background to the proposal, 40 years ago, of an active model for cochlear frequency analysis.- CM and OAE changes following transient efferent excitation.- Effect of visual selective attention on otoacoustic emissions.- Tracking and interpretive models of the active-nonlinear cochlear response during reversible changes induced by aspirin consumption.- Analysis and influence of lidocaine on evoked otoacoustic emissions from tinnitus sufferers.- An electrical correlate of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in a frog, a preliminary report.- Otoacoustic evidence for nonlinear behaviour in frogs' hearing: suppression but no distortion products.- Otoacoustic emissions and cochlear travelling waves.- 6. Macromechanical Measurements.- Nonlinear interactions in the mechanical response of the cochlea to two-tone stimuli.- Determinants of high-frequency sensitivity in the bird.- Mechanical response of the outer hair cell region of an isolated guinea pig cochlea in vitro.- 7. Nonlinear Models.- Power-law nonlinearities: a review of some less familiar properties.- Distortion product responses of saturating nonlinearities.- 8. Cochlear Models.- Realistic basilar membrane tuning does not require active processes.- A model of peripheral auditory preprocessing.- On the stability of cochlear mechanical models.- Time-domain solutions for 1D, 2D & 3D cochlear models.- Is basilar membrane tuning the same as neural tuning-where do we stand?.- On the nature of cochlear resonance.- 9. Discussion Session II.- Photograph of Participants.- Names and Addresses of Participants.- Names of Local Organising Committee and Session Chairmen.- Author Index.