Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in the food processing industry and for culinary and medicinal purposes. This work aimed to investigate changes in plant growth, water content, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, proline, and enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity values such as ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging were studied under stress conditions of salt, cobalt and a combination of the two. No significant differences were found in relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence under salt, cobalt and their combination. However, the osmotic potential and relative growth rate were enhanced with salt+cobalt compared to salt-treated plants. Salt and cobalt individually stimulated high antioxidant activity. High APX and GR activities were associated with the high proline accumulation in the sage plants under the combined effect of salt+cobalt. The combination decreased lipid peroxidation (TBARS), while H2O2 content was increased. This increase with the combined salt+cobalt effect may be associated with the decrease in CAT activity. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between TPC and TF content and antioxidant capacity measured via FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH. The TPC, TF and antioxidant capacity values also increased under the salt+cobalt combination, suggesting an increase in antioxidant content in the sage leaves. Therefore, the combination of salt and cobalt improved the stress tolerance of S. officinalis.
Highlights
Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in both culinary and medicinal preparations [1]
This study aimed to examine the tolerance potential of S. officinalis when subjected to combined salt and cobalt based on changes in the values of relative plant growth (RGR), leaf relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, proline level, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, POX, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and antioxidant capacity
Salt stress reduced the RGR of the S. officinalis by 56.5% when compared with the control plants, while cobalt alone and the combination of salt and cobalt reduced RGR by 30.4 and 39.1%, respectively
Summary
Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in both culinary and medicinal preparations [1]. Like most other medicinal plants, sage is traditionally used as a medicine because of its diverse biologically active compounds, namely antioxidants. Rosmarinic acid and carnosol are the main compounds of all the antioxidant phenolic extracts isolated from S. officinalis [2]. The importance of this species for medicinal and cosmetic use and in the food processing sector warrants an investigation into the response. Sec. Metabolite, Vol 6, No 1, (2019) pp. 49-61 of sage plants to undesirable environmental conditions like salinity, drought, heat and heavy metals Metabolite, Vol 6, No 1, (2019) pp. 49-61 of sage plants to undesirable environmental conditions like salinity, drought, heat and heavy metals
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