Abstract
Droplet collision coalescence is widely encountered in the petroleum industry, chemical industry, and agricultural applications. In this study, the dynamic behavior of the coalescence process of a free-falling droplet impacting a sessile droplet on substrates with different wettabilities is investigated via high-speed photography. The influences of the substrate contact angle (α) and the Weber number (We) of the droplet collision were analyzed. Based on the experiments, the process of droplet collision coalescence was divided into four stages: coalescence, spreading, retraction, and oscillation. The maximum spreading diameters, maximum jet heights, spreading velocities, and retraction velocities of droplets with different values of the substrate contact angle and We were obtained. The dynamic mechanism of different collision coalescence stages was revealed by the interconversion of inertial forces, surface tension, and wall adhesion forces. The relationship between the dimensionless spreading coefficient and the dimensionless time was established for different values of the collision We and contact angle α based on the experimental results. The effects of We and α on the coalescence process of the droplets were obtained by analysis of the energy conversion.
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