Abstract
The Namsan Ecological Tower Site based on a flux tower was equipped with eddy covariance and automatic opening/closing chamber systems to collect long-term continuous measurements of <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> flux, such as the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and soil <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> efflux in a cool-temperate Quercus mongolica forest. The mean concentrations of atmospheric <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> (<TEX>$705\;mg/m^3$</TEX>) during the summer were smaller than those measured (<TEX>$770\;mg/m^3$</TEX>) during the winter. The mean <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> flux during the summer period was negative (<TEX>$-0.34\;mg\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$</TEX>), while that during the winter period was positive (<TEX>$0.14\;mg\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$</TEX>). <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> was deposited from the atmosphere to the surface in the summer. The daily mean value of soil <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> efflux increased from spring to summer. The seasonal pattern in the rate of soil <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> efflux tightly followed the seasonal pattern in soil temperatures. The <TEX>$Q_{10}$</TEX> values for soil <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> efflux varied in a range from 2.12 to 3.26, and increased with increasing soil depth. The maximum value of total carbon uptake (i.e., NEE) during the growing season was <TEX>$-8\;g\;CO_2m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$</TEX>. At the same time, the rate of soil <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> efflux was <TEX>$6.9\;g\;CO_2m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$</TEX>. The amplitude of flux variations in NEE was approximately 14% larger than those in soil <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> efflux. These results suggest that in cool-temperate regions of the Korean peninsula, the forest ecosystem of Q. mongolica may have a larger atmospheric <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> uptake, due primarily to its high photosynthetic capacity and low ecosystem respiration.
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