Abstract
溫室氣體之釋出已證實會造成地球暖化及氣候異常,如何降低溫室氣體的釋出已刻不容緩。畜牧生產為農業活動的重要一環,其中動物廄肥之存放及禽畜糞堆肥化為影響CO2、CH4與N2O釋出之重要因素,本研究以溫室和堆肥場兩種尺度來探討蛋雞糞的處理、禽畜糞與調整材的配比及其堆肥化過程對CO2、CH4 和N2O之釋出之影響。由溫室尺度的曝曬試驗之結果顯示,當蛋雞糞水分含量為70 %時,所釋出的總二氧化碳當量較水分含量為60 %者高出30倍,故蛋雞糞宜避免露天堆放,以減輕溫室氣體的釋出。由堆肥場之不同原料組合及堆肥化時期的CO2、CH4和N2O釋出量,顯示翻堆會促進微生物活性而使堆肥化各階段的碳,99 %以CO2形式逸失。當蛋雞糞混合菇包時,CH4和N2O釋出量顯著較純雞糞處理低,顯示添加菇包有降低蛋雞糞之溫室氣體釋出的效果。在五種蛋雞糞與菇包之不同比例的混合堆積處理中,以蛋雞糞與菇包體積比1:1(CM1-MW1)混合堆積者其堆肥化釋出之總CO2當量最低。若一年所產出的雞糞經此處理配方進行堆肥化,可較CM-MW=1:2者減少2,505,631噸CO2當量之釋出。另,由評估大罩和小罩在各處理所採集氣體的比較結果顯示,無論以大或小罩採集,兩種方式之CO2、CH4和N2O濃度間的罩決定係數(R2值)均可達0.9以上,顯示兩者相關性極佳,故欲採集氣體時,可由物料規模體積之大小而選擇適宜大小之密閉式氣體採樣罩。
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