Abstract
Cleanrooms are widely used in various industries, where the precise control of parameters such as CO2 concentration is crucial for optimal production. Most cleanrooms utilize variable air volume (VAV) air conditioning systems, but existing proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers in VAV systems often suffer from long response delays, excessive overshoot, and difficulties in handling dynamic changes in occupant conditions. This study introduces an Improved Crested Porcupine Optimizer (ICPO) to optimize PID controller parameters, aiming to enhance the control of VAV air supply. Additionally, a CO2 concentration control system for cleanrooms was designed based on an STM32 microcontroller. The results demonstrate that the Improved Crested Porcupine Optimizer PID (ICPO-PID) controller outperforms traditional PID, Fuzzy-PID, and Crested Porcupine Optimizer PID (CPO-PID) controllers in control accuracy, response speed, and robustness. In simulation, ICPO-PID achieves a settling time of just 59 s and an overshoot of only 5.14%. In real-world performance evaluations, ICPO-PID outperforms other controllers in terms of the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Squared Error (ISE). Furthermore, ICPO-PID reduces energy consumption by approximately 40% during air volume adjustment compared to traditional PID. These results indicate that ICPO-PID is an efficient and reliable solution for maintaining cleanroom environments with precise CO2 concentration control.
Published Version
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