Abstract
Acute viral hepatitis(AVH) is caused by Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E(HEV). It is major health burden in India. Both the viruses HAV and HEV are primarily transmitted via the faeco-oral course. Study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV, HEV and rate of co-infection in AVH patients attending rural tertiary care centre. A retrospective laboratory record based study was carried out in rural tertiary health care center located in Western Maharashtra. Laboratory and Medical records of suspected acute viral infection patients were analyzed during study. Study period was June 2014 to July 2018. Commercially available ELISA kits of IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV were used to analyze serum samples of suspected study participants. Tests were carried out as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 778 acute viral hepatitis cases were included in the study from July 2014 to July 2018 among which 85/778 (10.9 %) detected positive for HAV and 121/778 (15.6%) detected positive for HEV. Co-infection was identified in 6/778(0.8 %). Jaundice, fever fatigue and hepatomegaly were common clinical presentation in HAV, HEV and confection with both viruses in acute viral hepatitis patients. Study indicated low exposure to HAV in childhood bellow 16 years. Co-infection rate was detected high in 16-25 years age group. Vaccination policy against HAV in adolescent age group needed as there is change epidemiological shift of HAV which has been observed in the current study. These data will helps for planning future vaccination strategies, better implementation sanitation program, and safe water supply in this geographic area.
Highlights
Acute viral hepatitis mainly caused by Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and HEV andis a major problem worldwide[1]
Co-infection with numerous hepatotropic infections has been accounted in different investigation studies carried in intense viral hepatitis with a rate fluctuating from 7-24%
Our study revealed overall higher prevalence of HEV(15.6%) than that of HAV (10.9%)in suspected cases of Acute Viral hepatitis
Summary
Acute viral hepatitis mainly caused by HAV and HEV andis a major problem worldwide[1]. Various studies in different states have been reported cases of viral hepatitis in the country[3].Hepatitis A, B, C and E are the four major hepatotropic viruses causing viral hepatitis. HAV and HEV is a nonenveloped RNA virus of the genus Hepetovirus and family Hepeviridae. Both HAV and HEV are primarily spread via the faeco-oral route. Many studies published earlier revelled HAV exposure is common in kids while HEV common among youth. Both the viruses generally cause self-restricting infections. This study was planned to know the magnitude of HAV, HEV and co-infection, its clinical profile in patients with intense (Acute) viral hepatitis in this geographical area
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