Abstract
Pure and copper (Cu)-incorporated tin oxide (SnO2) pellet gas sensors with characteristics provoking gas sensitivity were fabricated and used for measuring carbon monoxide (CO) atmospheres. Non-spherical pure SnO2 nano-structures were prepared by using urea as the precipitation agent. The resultant SnO2 powders were ball milled and incorporated with a transition metal, Cu, via chemical synthesis method. The incorporation is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis. By utilizing Cu-incorporated SnO2 pellets an increase in the CO sensitivity by an order of three, and a decrease in the response and recovery times by an order of two, were obtained. This improvement in the sensitivity is due to two factors that arise due to Cu incorporation: necks between the microparticles and stacking faults in the grains. These two factors increased the conductivity and oxygen adsorption, respectively, at the pellets’ surface of SnO2 which, in turn, raised the CO sensitivity.
Highlights
Gas leak detection is a constructive way of testing dangerous toxic gases from sealed elements.A common industrial hazard gas produced from many systems starting from the burning of a cigarette to gasoline is carbon monoxide (CO) [1].In order to examine the gas response of the oxidizing and reducing gases, metal oxides are very generally utilized mainly due to the available oxygen vacancies at the surface [2]
A frequently used method for adding catalysts is during the synthesis of the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), which is known as chemical doping
Cu-Incorporated SnO2 (Cu)-incorporated SnO2 powders were analyzed with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope
Summary
Gas leak detection is a constructive way of testing dangerous toxic gases from sealed elements. The basic principle of a gas sensor is that the atmospheric oxygen adsorbs on the metal oxide surface at the elevated temperatures. The first considered metal oxide for gas sensor applications was tin oxide (SnO2 ) and is the material frequently used until now due to both its dual valance and the adjustable surface oxygen concentration [4]. A frequently used method for adding catalysts is during the synthesis of the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), which is known as chemical doping. In this method, the catalysts are considered to be located in the substitutional or interstitial positions of the semiconductor. This paper will give a systematic and detailed study about the effect of catalyst and incorporation methods on the gas-sensing properties of SnO2 pellets. A well-substantiated explanation for achieving the highest sensitivities is given by comparing the structural, morphological, and sensing properties with the established sensing mechanism
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