Abstract
Piezoceramic multilayer actuators (MLAs) offer remarkable advantages across various cutting-edge applications, yet the inferior piezoelectric strain and the confined assessment framework of lead-free MLAs constitute substantial obstacles to practical implementation. Herein, we judiciously introduce defect configurations into Ag/Pd co-fired potassium-sodium-niobate-based MLAs by tape-casting technique, achieving a large converse piezoelectric coefficient of 900 pm V−1 at 20 kV cm−1 for each layer, much superior than PZT-5 H counterparts. This lead-free MLA demonstrates fast response time, high temperature stability, impressive fatigue resistance, and good mechanical property. Unlike lead-based material suffering from abundant heat generated under alternating-current electric fields, the high-activated nanosized domains and higher thermal conductivity of this lead-free ceramic collaboratively minimize heat accumulation, presenting advancements for high-frequency utilizations. Moreover, experimental demonstrations reveal that the fast-steering mirror (FSM) apparatus equipped with the lead-free MLA showcases a rotational sensitivity comparable to PZT-based apparatus, exhibiting its extensive prospect for precise positioning and fast-response applications.
Published Version
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