Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of leukemia/lymphoma in cattle. It has been found in humans and cattle-derived food products. In humans, it is described as a potential risk factor for breast cancer development. However, the transmission path remains unclear. Here, a molecular epidemiology analysis was performed to identify signatures of genetic flux of BLV among humans, animals, and food products. Sequences obtained from these sources in Colombia were used (n = 183) and compared with reference sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed in IQ-TREE software with the maximum likelihood algorithm. Haplotype (hap) distribution among the population was carried out with a median-joining model in Network5.0. Recombination events were inferred using SplitsTree4 software. In the phylogenetic analysis, no specific branches were identified for the Colombian sequences or for the different sources. A total of 31 haps were found, with Hap 1, 4, 5 and 7 being shared among the three sources of the study. Reticulation events among the different sources were also detected during the recombination analysis. These results show new insights about the zoonotic potential of BLV, showing evidence of genetic flux between cattle and humans. Prevention and control strategies should be considered to avoid viral dissemination as part of the One Health program policies.
Highlights
IntroductionZoonoses are described by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as any disease or infection transmitted naturally within the human–animal interface
Zoonoses are described by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as any disease or infection transmitted naturally within the human–animal interface, leading to the emergence of new or previously unknown infections in humans [1,2]
In order to advance the knowledge of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)’s transmission patterns, this study was aimed at understanding the transmission profiles of the virus when it is present in different sources, through a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis between sequences obtained from the above-mentioned sources as well as by identifying recombination events between viral isolates, and risk factors of exposure in the human population
Summary
Zoonoses are described by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as any disease or infection transmitted naturally within the human–animal interface Body fluids, animal-derived food products), leading to the emergence of new or previously unknown infections in humans [1,2]. Zoonotic infections have a special impact in developing countries, due to a higher exposure to risk factors such as contact with.
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