Abstract
The influence of the central nervous (eNS) on gastric secretory and motor function has been recognized for one and a half centuries, ever since William Beaumont's studies of his fistulous subject. In 1833 he reported that fear, anger, whatever depresses or disturbs the nervous system was accom panied by suppression of gastric secretion and by a marked delay in gastric digestion and emptying (4). A landmark in the establishment of a physiolog ical role for the brain in the regulation of gastric secretion was Pavlov's work at the beginning of this century. He discovered that sham feeding, anticipation of eating, and the sight or smell of food were powerful stimulants of hoth gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the dog (78). These studies were extended to humans in 1907 (40) and since then have been amply confinued (17). Brain pathways influencing gastric secretion were subsequently investigated via electrical stimulation or lesions of specific nuclei in various experimental animals (5, 25). More recently, advances in neurophysiological techniques, the development of sensitive anterograde and retrograde transport techniques and the discovery of a large number of peptides and their receptors in brain structures influencing gastric function have provided new tools and impetus to the investigation of the anatomical and chemical substrates mediating brain gut interactions.
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