Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecologic tumor in our setting. The majority of cases are diagnosed in women older than 50 years of age. Type 1 endometrial cancer is the most frequent. Hormonal factors, specifically prolonged exposure to estrogen, are the main risk factor for developing its precursor lesion, endometrial hyperplasia, and its later progression to adenocarcinoma. Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common symptom and occurs in the majority of patients who are already in the early stages of endometrial cancer. Therefore, its presence must be ruled out in all cases of abnormal bleeding. The initial imaging test of choice is a transvaginal ultrasound. An endometrial biopsy is necessary for its histological confirmation. The main prognostic factor of endometrial cancer is postsurgical staging. Surgery is the fundamental pillar of the treatment of this pathology. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy play an important role as adjuvant treatment of high-risk, locally advanced tumors. In metastatic disease, treatment is mainly based on palliative chemotherapy, although in select patients, hormone therapy is a reasonable option.
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