Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. It is an aggressive tumor that is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. There are two histological types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis is made based on a biopsy taken endoscopically. To rule out distant metastasis, a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis is performed. In localized stages, a positive electron tomography (PET) scan is indicated prior to considering locoregional treatment. Esophageal cancer treatment depends on the stage. Surgery can be curative in very early stages, but neoadjuvant treatment has shown benefits in locally advanced stages. There is no standard chemotherapy regimen for treating advanced esophageal cancer. The assessment of therapeutic response involves conducting a CT scan and an esophagogastroscopy.
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