Abstract
In this review agglomerates of atoms and molecules X n in the size range 1 < n < 500 are considered. These clusters have been generated in beams for several years, since new methods for preparation have been developed. In our laboratory, metallic, ionic, and Van der Waals clusters have been produced and subsequently analyzed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Two generation methods have been applied: inert gas condensation and supersonic expansion. The clusters are ionized by electron bombardment, positively or negatively, depending on the ionizing energy. Furthermore, multiphoton ionization is applied. Results are reported concerning the cluster formation, the conditions for condensation, overall size distributions, structure in the size distributions (magic numbers), variation of the charge state (positively or negatively charged clusters, multiply charged clusters), Coulomb explosion, fragmentation after ionization, and laser multiphoton interactions.
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