Abstract
Neuronal developmental disorder is a class of diseases in which there is impairment of the central nervous system and brain function. The brain in its developmental phase undergoes tremendous changes depending upon the stage and environmental factors. Neurodevelopmental disorders include abnormalities associated with cognitive, speech, reading, writing, linguistic, communication, and growth disorders with lifetime effects. Computational methods provide great potential for betterment of research and insight into the molecular mechanism of diseases. In this study, we have used four samples of microarray neuronal developmental data: control, RV (resveratrol), NGF (nerve growth factor), and RV + NGF. By using computational methods, we have identified genes that are expressed in the early stage of neuronal development and also involved in neuronal diseases. We have used MeV application to cluster the raw data using distance metric Pearson correlation coefficient. Finally, 60 genes were selected on the basis of coexpression analysis. Further pathway analysis was done using the Metascape tool, and the biological process was studied using gene ontology database. A total of 13 genes AKT1, BAD, BAX, BCL2, BDNF, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, MYC, PIK3CD, MAPK1, MAPK10, and CYCS were identified that are common in all clusters. These genes are involved in neuronal developmental disorders and cancers like colorectal cancer, apoptosis, tuberculosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neuron death, and prostate cancer pathway. A protein-protein interaction study was done to identify proteins that belong to the same pathway. These genes can be used to design potential inhibitors against neurological disorders at the early stage of neuronal development. The microarray samples discussed in this publication are part of the data deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (Yadav et al., 2018) and are accessible through GEO Series (accession number GSE121261).
Highlights
Neurogenesis is a process of generating new and functional neurons from neuronal precursors known as NSC [1, 2]
Our aim was to identify genes that were expressed when stem cells were exposed to MCP, a neurotoxicant, and to evaluate the effective role of resveratrol (RV) and nerve growth factor (NGF) as the neuroprotectant
Neurodevelopmental microarray gene expression data are used to identify genes that are expressed in neuronal disorders, at its initial stage of progress [67]
Summary
Functional neurons are generated at the embryonic stage at different stages of development throughout life [3, 4]. Neuronal stem cells have two major features that are regeneration capacity, that is, ability of self-renewal by process of cell division, and differentiation capacity, that is, process of generating new and specialized cell types [9]. Significant development has been made to identify genes that are involved in neuronal diseases at the developmental stage [11]. It is important to study different stages of nervous system development and to identify abnormalities that can arise from improper development of brain at its early stage [12]. Significant contribution has been made by scientists to identify neuronal disorders that occur at the early stage of development [13]. Neuronal disorders include abnormalities associated with intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and cognitive skills disorders, like dyslexia and dysgraphia, and language development
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