Abstract
Energy consumption of nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a very critical issue, particularly in scenarios where the energy of nodes cannot be recharged. Optimal routing approaches play a key role in energy utilization, so there is great importance of energy efficient routing protocols in WSNs. Energy efficient routing protocols in WSNs are categorized into four schemes, namely (i) communication model, (ii) topology based model, (iii) reliable routing, and (iv) network structure. Network structure category is further divided into flat and cluster-based approaches. This work focuses on a subtype of “network structure” scheme known as clustered based routing protocols, which are mainly used in WSNs for reduction in energy consumption. This work reviews and provides an overview of prominent cluster based energy efficient routing protocols on the basiss of some primary performance metrics such as (i) energy efficiency, (ii) algorithm complexity, (iii) scalability, (iv) data delivery delay, and (v) clustering approach. Finally, this work discusses some latest research trends with respect to cluster based energy efficient routing protocols in WSNs.
Highlights
Since the last twenty years, there is a rapid growth with respect to technologies in the field of data communication networks
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) there is a constraint that geographical position is not always available except some special conditions like hardware and software having GPS feature, and (iii) an assumption about Position-based Aggregator Node ELection (PANEL) described by the authors is that within cluster nodes form a subnetwork, due to this there may occur such a situation that nodes within the cluster could not hear the announcement of nodes closest to reference point, and they may elect aggregator to another node
Optimal and effective routing protocols and approaches play a key role in energy utilization, so the importance of energy efficient routing protocols in WSNs is significant
Summary
Since the last twenty years, there is a rapid growth with respect to technologies in the field of data communication networks This technological progress facilitates organizations by providing very easy and secure working environment. Wireless networks enable organizations to get rid of expensive procedure of using cables for the purpose of connecting equipment located at different locations. A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a set of low-cost and small-sized sensor nodes having limited communication range, energy, processing, and storage capacity. Sensors used in WSNs have various kinds like acoustics, seismic visual, low sampling magnetic, thermal, radar and infrared. Routing protocols are of great attention because of versatilities lying in network architecture as well as in applications using wireless sensor networks.
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