Abstract
PurposeThis study was conducted to time-course changes of clotting function of withdrawing blood for acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH).MethodsTwelve enrolled patients who underwent ANH from August, 2018 to January, 2019. Blood was withdrawn into blood collection pack and shaken at 60–80 rpm for 24 h in room temperature. Clot formation was evaluated using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM™) just after blood withdrawal (control) and 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after blood withdrawal. We compared with the control value and each value of extrinsically-activated test with tissue factor (EXTEM), intrinsically-activated test using ellagic acid (INTEM) and fibrin-based extrinsically activated test with tissue factor (FIBTEM).ResultsMaximum clot firmness (MCF) of FIBTEM did not change significantly. MCF of EXTEM was significantly decreased time-dependent manner but all MCF of EXTEM were within a normal range. Maximum percent change in MCF of EXTEM was 12.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0–15.8%]. The difference in the maximum clot elasticity (MCE) between EXTEM and FIBTEM (MCEEXTEM−MCEFIBTEM) was significantly decrease from 8 h after blood withdrawal. Maximum percent change in MCEEXTEM−MCEFIBTEM was 30.2% (95% CI:17.6–42.9%) at 24 h after blood withdrawal.ConclusionEven though the MCE significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner, MCF of FIBTEM and EXTEM was normal up to 24 h storage. The blood of ANH can use for the purpose of hemostasis at least 8 h stored at room temperature after blood withdrawal. Future studies are needed to elucidate the clinical impact on the patient after delayed transfusion of ANH blood with regard to patient’s hemostasis.
Highlights
Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is usually carried out to preserve red blood cell, leading reduce the amount of intra- and postoperative allogenic blood transfusion in several clinical settings [1,2,3,4,5]
Even though platelet component parameter (MCEEXTEM−MCEFIBTEM) was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner from 8 h after blood withdrawal, Maximum clot firmness (MCF) of FIBTEM remained unchanged and that of EXTEM and INTEM was within reference ranges after 24 h after blood withdrawal
This result suggests that the blood of ANH can use for the purpose of hemostasis at least 8 h stored at the room temperature after blood withdrawal
Summary
Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is usually carried out to preserve red blood cell, leading reduce the amount of intra- and postoperative allogenic blood transfusion in several clinical settings [1,2,3,4,5]. ANH blood is usually stored at ambient temperature to maintain platelet function during surgery. Storing whole blood at ambient temperature for 24 h has minimal effect on the coagulation activity of plasma, except factor VIII (fVIII) which was loss of 20–30% during first 8 h [7, 8]. We conducted this study to determine the time dependent changes of the clotting function of the ANH withdrawing blood in storage
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