Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase, consists of three subunits; a highly conserved structural subunit A, a catalytic subunit C, and a highly variable regulatory subunit B which determines the substrate specificity. Although the functional mechanism of PP2A in signaling transduction in Arabidopsis is known, their physiological roles in wheat remain to be characterized. In this study, we identified a novel regulatory subunit B, TaPP2AbB"-α, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Subcellular localization indicated that TaPP2AbB"-α is located in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. It interacts with both TaPP2Aa and TaPP2Ac. Expression pattern analyses revealed that TaPP2AbB"-α is strongly expressed in roots, and responds to NaCl, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cold and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses at the transcription level. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaPP2AbB"-α developed more lateral roots, especially when treated with mannitol or NaCl. These results suggest that TaPP2AbB"-α, in conjunction with the other two PP2A subunits, is involved in multi-stress response, and positively regulates lateral root development under osmotic stress.
Highlights
Environmental stresses, such as water deficit and high salinity, are major challenges for plant growth and development
abscisic acid (ABA)-activated SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRK) phosphorylate downstream substrates to enhance drought tolerance in Arabidopsis, whereas, SnRKs are inhibited by protein phosphatases in the absence of ABA [8,9,10]
We found that TaPP2AbB"-a interacted with PP2A consists of a scaffolding subunit A (PP2Aa) and PP2Ac, which were isolated from wheat
Summary
Environmental stresses, such as water deficit and high salinity, are major challenges for plant growth and development. Increased lateral root formation is one strategy for plants to survive in unfavorable conditions [1,2]. More lateral roots permit plants to absorb nutrients and water more in order to overcome stress damage, especially under osmotic stress [3,4,5]. Many genes are involved in plant stress response [6]; among them, protein kinases and protein phosphatases are basic components of stress signal transduction [7]. ABA-activated SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRK) phosphorylate downstream substrates to enhance drought tolerance in Arabidopsis, whereas, SnRKs are inhibited by protein phosphatases in the absence of ABA [8,9,10]. Protein kinases have been well described in wheat, but the roles of protein phosphatases (PPs) have not been investigated as widely [11,12]
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