Abstract
Interferon-γ, a major immunomodulatory cytokine, of Indian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) was characterized at molecular level. Complementary DNA and essential promoter region were cloned and sequenced, and functional recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial system. The cDNA has 97.8% nucleotide identity with 11-nucleotide and four-amino acid variations, and the essential promoter region has 98.4% identity with five-nucleotide variations and a four-nucleotide deletion in comparison with the corresponding bovine sequences. All the major promoter elements such as NF IL-2 like motif, cyclosporin sensitive binding element and GATA motif are strictly conserved. Recombinant buffalo-IFN-γ expressed in bacterial system reacted with an anti-bovine-IFN-γ monoclonal antibody in Western blot and showed antiviral activity against buffalo pox virus in cultured Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells by inhibiting virus induced cytopathic effect. The study shows high level sequence similarity of IFN-γ among ruminants. In view of the immunomodulatory and antiviral activities of IFN-γ, this molecule will be useful in better understanding of the immune system of water buffaloes.
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