Clinicopathological profile of primary lung cancer in a tertiary care teaching hospital in the south-east coast of India

Abstract

Introduction: Lung is one of the commonest sites for neoplasms both primary and metastatic cancers. Identification and determination of histopathological play a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Radiology and imaging helps in the selection of procedures to obtain a tissue sample for the diagnosis and management of lung cancer. The present study was aimed to analyze the clinic-pathological profile of primary lung cancer in the south-east coast of India. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maharaja Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 104 patients with primary lung cancer were enrolled. Radiological, clinico pathological profile and Histopathological analysis was done individually for all patients. Results: Male patients (70.1%) were more compared to females (29.9%). The Average age of the study population was 57.8 years. A total of 70(67.3%) study subjects had a history of smoking comprising of 61 males and 9 female subjects. Almost all study patients had clinical presentations of cough and shortness of breath (100%). Most common X-ray and CT chest radiographic feature was mass lesion (n=89 and n=91). Adenocarcinoma was identified in 79 patients (76.0%) as the most common histological type and it was also common in both smokers (n=49) and nonsmokers (n=29). Conclusions: The most common histological variant was Adenocarcinoma followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Among men, smoking is the principal risk factor in the causation of lung cancer. A precise, accurate and rapid screening method is still warranted for the diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchoscopy, Clinico-pathological profile, Histopathological profile, Primary lung cancer.