Clinical significance of circulating immune cells in left- and right-sided colon cancer.

Jiabo Di,Meng Zhuang,Hong Yang,Xiangqian Su,Beihai Jiang,Zaozao Wang

doi:10.7717/peerj.4153

Abstract

BackgroundLeft-sided and right-sided colon cancers (LCCs and RCCs, respectively) differ in their epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetic and epigenetic alterations, molecular pathways and prognosis. Notably, immune response gene expression profiles have been shown to differ between patients with LCC and patients with RCC. The immune system plays an important role in tumor immunosurveillance, and there is increasing evidence that peripheral blood immune cells have a profound influence on tumor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the clinical significance of circulating immune cells with respect to colon tumor locations.MethodsDifferent types of circulating immune cells were separated and analysed based on their surface markers by flow cytometry. We compared the numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 94 patients with RCC or LCC and analysed the proportions of these immune cells in relation to tumor stage, tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis.ResultsWe show that at later tumor stages, patients with LCC had higher levels of circulating myeloid DCs (P = 0.049) and plasmacytoid DCs (P = 0.018) than patients with RCC. In poorly differentiated tumors, LCC patients had significantly higher amount of plasmacytoid DCs (P = 0.036), CD4+ memory T (Tm) cells (P = 0.012), CD4+ T cells (P = 0.028), Tm cells (P = 0.014), and regulatory T cells (P = 0.001) than RCC patients. The levels of circulating CD4+ T cells, Tm cells and CD4+ Tm cells were significantly elevated at later stages in patients with LCC or RCC, while these cells decreased in poorly differentiated tumors in patients with RCC. Moreover, CD4+ Tm cell and CD4+ T cell levels are significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with LCC and RCC.DiscussionCirculating immune cells were associated with tumor location, tumor stage and tumor differentiation, and can be used to predict lymphatic metastasis in patients with colon cancer. This variation in systemic immunity could contribute to the differential prognosis of patients with colon cancer.

Highlights

Colorectal cancer is one of the five most commonly diagnosed cancers and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in China (Chen et al, 2016). Bufill (1990) first described the clinical disparities in incidence and outcome of colorectal cancer depending on the anatomical site of the primary tumor
We show that circulating immune cells were associated with tumor location, tumor stage, tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis in patients with Left-sided colon cancer (LCC) or right-sided colon cancer (RCC)
In LCC, patients without nodal metastasis, CD4+ Tm cells and CD4+ T cells were significantly lower than patients with nodal metastasis (P = 0.004 and P = 0.014, respectively, Table 5). These results indicate that the amount of certain circulating T cells increases whereas dendritic cells (DCs) decrease when lymph node metastasis occurs, and circulating CD4+ Tm and CD4+ T cell counts may serve as a predictor for lymph node metastasis in patients with colon cancer

Summary

Introduction

Colorectal cancer is one of the five most commonly diagnosed cancers and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in China (Chen et al, 2016). Bufill (1990) first described the clinical disparities in incidence and outcome of colorectal cancer depending on the anatomical site of the primary tumor. Immune response gene expression profiles have been shown to differ between patients with LCC and patients with RCC (Minoo et al, 2010). These analyses further emphasize the distinct biology among colon cancers of different locations. Circulating immune cells were associated with tumor location, tumor stage and tumor differentiation, and can be used to predict lymphatic metastasis in patients with colon cancer. This variation in systemic immunity could contribute to the differential prognosis of patients with colon cancer

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