Clinical retrospective analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection

Abstract

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics, drug resistance and prognosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (KP-BSI), and to analyze the risk factors of death and drug resistance. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized patients with KP-BSI from April 2015 to April 2017 in Huashan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Continuous variables were compared using t test. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 test or Fisher exact test. The independent risk factors for death were determined by logistic regression model. Results The majority of the 74 patients with KP-BSI were male (67.6%) and elderly patients (78.4%). Nosocomial infection occurred in 58 cases (78.4%) and a total of 24 (32.4%) cases died. The patients were widely distributed in various departments of the hospital. The first was the Department of Infectious Diseases (29.7%), followed by the intensive care unit (23.0%). The patients were often complicated with various underlying diseases and the most common was pulmonary infection (56.8%). There were 45 (60.8%) multiple drug resistance (MDR) strains and 29 (39.2%) Carbapenems resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains. There were significant differences of nosocomial infections (χ2=4.655, P=0.031), deep venous catheters (χ2=5.432, P=0.02), and invasive mechanical ventilation (χ2=7.630, P=0.006) between MDR and non-MDR patients. Deep venous catheters (χ2=5.923, P=0.015), invasive mechanical ventilation (χ2=16.845, P=0.000), other catheters (χ2=4.009, P=0.045) and surgery (χ2=3.910, P=0.048) were all significantly different between CRKP and non-CRKP patients. APACHE Ⅱ scores were performed in all patients. The average APACHE Ⅱ score was 8.74±5.32 of the 50 cases (67.6%) in the survival group and that was 16.46 ± 6.62 of the 24 cases (32.4%) in the death group. The APACHE Ⅱ score in the survival group was significantly lower than that in the death group. The difference was statistically significant (t=5.091, P=0.000). APACHE Ⅱ≥15 was the independent factor of death (B =-2.708, P=0.000). Conclusions The situation of drug-resistant KP-BSI is severe in the clinic. According to the clinical data, nosocomial infections, invasive mechanical ventilation and deep venous catheters may be the risk factors for MDR bloodstream infection. Deep venous catheters, invasive mechanical ventilation, other catheters and surgery may be the risk factors for bloodstream infection with CRKP. APACHEⅡ≥15 is the independent risk factor for death. The evaluation of APACHE Ⅱ score may predict the prognosis of patients with bloodstream infection. Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae; Risk factors; Bloodstream infection; Clinical features