Clinical research progress on tissue defect repairing with acellular dermal matrices

Abstract

Acellular dermal matrix(ADM) is a special biological material that contains only collagen, elastin and other extracellular matrix. ADMs are made by special methods of separating skin epidermis and dermis, and removing Langerhans cells, vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) within the dermis. ADM causes no graft rejection, and provides a good scaffold for tissue reconstruction, angiogenesis and implantation of host cells. The preparation process of ADM includes the separation of epidermis and dermis, decellularization, perforation and freeze-drying. According to the classification method, ADMs can be classified into allogeneic and xenogeneic ADM, patch and injection type ADM, as well as cross-linked and non-crosslinked ADM, which can meet various clinical requirements. ADM is widely used in surgical field, such as treatment of deep burn wounds, breast reconstruction after mastectomy, oral mucosa repair, abdominal wall hernia repair, and treatment of vocal cord paralysis. Due to the characteristics ADM, its application prospect is considerable. The research progress of ADM in recent years was summarized. Key words: Acellular dermal matrix; Preparation; Clinical application