Clinical presentation and management of vasculitis in an adolescent with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a case report

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a multifaceted autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations, predominantly affecting females. This case report presents the clinical presentation and management of vasculitis in a 16-year-old male with SLE, an atypical demographic for the disease. The study examines the challenges of diagnosing and treating SLE in adolescents. The patient exhibited polyserositis, cutaneous vasculitis, malar rash, and oral ulcers. Diagnostic procedures included clinical evaluation, laboratory tests (ANA, anti-dsDNA, complement levels), and a skin biopsy histopathological examination. Treatment consisted of hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents. Laboratory findings revealed positive ANA, elevated anti-dsDNA titers, and low complement levels, confirming SLE with associated vasculitis. Histopathology verified skin-limited vasculitis. The patient responded well to the treatment regimen, achieving remission and reducing disease flares. Regular monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach were pivotal in managing the condition. This case underscores the importance of considering SLE in atypical demographics, such as adolescent males. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are vital for improving outcomes and quality of life. Further research is warranted to address the unique challenges and optimal treatment strategies for pediatric and male SLE patients, emphasizing the need for awareness and tailored therapeutic approaches in managing chronic autoimmune diseases in diverse populations.