CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF MICRODISSECTION TESTICULAR SPERM EXTRACTION (MICRO TESE) AND INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI) IN NON-OBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA (NOA) WITH THE HISTORY OF CRYPTORCHIDISM

Abstract

Undescended testis (UT) is associated with impairment of germ cell maturation and subsequent infertility in adulthood. The undescended testis is exposed to a higher temperature compared with the scrotal temperature and there is progressive Leydig and Sertoli cell atrophy. There have been very few studies of ICSI with a focus on, or large enough numbers to examine, the specific outcomes associated with male factor infertility. Improvement in sperm retrieval techniques including micro TESE and micromanipulation techniques, such as ICSI, has led to excellent fertilization and pregnancy outcomes of treatment cycles.