Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease and the onset of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

Abstract

ObjectiveTo identify whether the presence and/or timing of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) onset were associated with differences in clinical features and sleep parameters of Parkinson disease (PD). MethodsIn all, 112 PD patients were enrolled and all underwent extensive clinical evaluations and video-polysomnography (PSG). Clinical features and PSG parameters were compared in PD patients with (PD+RBD) or without (PD−RBD) RBD, RBD preceding (RBD>PD), or not (PD⩾RBD) PD onset. ResultsSixty-three of the 112 PD patients were affected by RBD. Adjusted for age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LED) and PD duration, PD+RBD patients had higher Hoehn & Yahr stage, higher scores for UPDRS parts I, II and III, more dyskinesia, higher ratio of axial/limb manifestations, and more hallucinations. Their cognitive and quality-of-life status was significantly lower (all P<0.05). For PSG, PD+RBD patients exhibited higher percentages of phasic and tonic EMG activities, lower apnea hypopnea (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and less time in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) <90% during REM sleep (all P<0.05). PD⩾RBD (n=22) patients did not significantly differ from RBD>PD (n=41) patients in clinical manifestations, whereas the PD⩾RBD subgroup had significantly higher UPDRS part I score, lower PDQ score and lower AHI during REM than the PD−RBD group (all P<0.05), but not RBD>PD subgroup. Correlation analysis showed that worse cognition was associated with shorter interval of RBD preceding PD onset (r=0.297, P=0.018), but not RBD duration (P=0.202). ConclusionsClinical manifestations of PD may vary depending on the presence and timing of RBD onset. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that RBD may be a marker of complex subtypes of PD.