Clinical features and two-year outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with heart failure and reduced, mid-range and preserved ejection fractions.

Abstract

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features and prognosis of SLE patients with HF. Patients with SLE and HF who were hospitalized in Jinling Hospital from January 2013 to May 2021 and followed up for 2 years after discharge were included. Risk factors for death and ESKD were analyzed. According to cardiac ultrasound, patients were subdivided into the HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF groups, and differences in clinical features and prognosis among the three groups were analyzed. Among 376 SLE patients with HF, the distribution was 13.30% HFrEF, 14.89% HFmrEF, and 71.81% HFpEF. Median ages at SLE and HF diagnosis were 29.00 (21.25, 42.00) and 35.25 (27.29, 49.31) years, with a median SLE duration of 49 (7, 120) months. The 2-year overall and renal survival rates were 86.97% and 63.56%, respectively. Multivariate COX analysis identified age, NPSLE, blood NT-proBNP, CD20+ B cells, Alb, and UA as death risk factors, and Scr, PCT, CD20+ B cells, urine RBP, and right kidney size as ESKD risk factors. The 2-year survival rates were 70% for HFrEF, 82.14% for HFmrEF, and 91.11% for HFpEF; renal survival rates were 46%, 58.93%, and 67.78%, respectively. HFrEF had lower survival rates than HFpEF, while HFmrEF showed intermediate rates and clinical features, with some significantly different from HFpEF but not HFrEF. No significant differences in SLE remission or relapse rates were found among non-ESKD survivors. SLE patients with HF tend to have an early disease onset, high SLE activity and long course, with HFpEF being the predominant phenotype. HFrEF has a poorer prognosis compared to HFpEF, while HFmrEF has an intermediate prognosis and shares more clinical similarities with HFrEF.