Clinical-epidemiological profile of reported Dengue cases in the state of São Paulo from 2010 to 2021: a gender analysis

Abstract

Dengue is an arbovirus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito bite and it is considered a public health issue. Brazil has one of the highest cases of dengue absolute numbers, the state of São Paulo being one of the most affected regions. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted based on the secondary data from public domain, hosted at Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), over dengue cases. Due to verifying the association of gender and clinical-epidemiological information, it was submitted to a Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test (p<0,05), and for the magnitude of the association, the Cramér’s V test. During the study’s period, 51% of the reported cases at the Brazilian Southwest region were in the São Paulo state. The highest prevalence was among women (53, 8%). About the other variables, in both genders there was a prevalence on the age range from 21 to 31 years old, white race/color and high school degree. There was statistical significance between gender and clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data (p<0,005). There was association between gender, eligibility criteria and dengue, as well as native cases from the city of residence and hospitalization. Meanwhile, the association is weak. There was no evidence that gender may influence the clinical-epidemiological characteristics. The state of São Paulo is part of the region with the highest number of cases, facing a great challenge in fighting the disease, as it is a public health issue in Brazil.