Analysis of the Historical Series of Arbovirosis, Preventive Measures and use of Malathion in Sao Paulo state in Brazil. Period 2009 to 2019

Abstract

Introduction: The Ministry of Health of Brazil has been following cases of DENGUE since 1975 in a historical series. In the years 2014 to 2016, the cases increase from 1 million per year, with a peak in 2015. In the years 2017 and 2018 the numbers were below 300 thousand cases / year, however in 2019 these numbers surpass 1,500 cases. The state of São Paulo, with 645 municipalities and a population of 44 million people, was the state with the highest number of cases in 2019, with 445 thousand confirmed cases, which compared to 2018, about 16,800 cases there was an increase of 103%. Several preventive measures are adopted, including the number of sprayings with the insecticide Malathion, which has been showing important and growing use, despite the characteristics and classifications of the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Objective: This paper aims to discuss the increase in the number of Dengue cases in the 200 municipalities with the highest incidence in the state of SP, analyzing the preventive measures developed. Methodology: Data were collected from the Ministry of Health, the São Paulo State Department of Health, the state endemic disease control department (SUCEN) and the Phytosanitary Pesticide System (AGROFIT). The data refer to the number of cases, hospitalization and mortality, as well as the amount of Malathion used. Measures related to environmental sanitation were identified in the 200 municipalities with the highest incidence. Results and conclusion: In 2009, 1,996 liters of malathion were used. 2019 the total was 13,018 liters across the state targeting public health campaigns. Analyze identify that the year of 2019 presented an increase of 103% in the cases of dengue and need an important evaluation on the preventive measures adopted and the search for new ways to reduce the use of pesticides.