Clinical efficacy of different rehabilitation modes for lumbar degenerative diseases after operation

Abstract

To compare clinical effects of different postoperative rehabilitation modes on lumbar degenerative diseases, and explore influence of rehabilitation mode and other factors on postoperative effect. From June 2013 to July 2016, totally 900 patients were admitted from nine tertiary hospitals in Beijing to perform single segment bone grafting and internal fixation due to lumbar degenerative diseases were prospectively analyzed. There were 428 males and 472 females, the age of patient over 18 years old, with an average of (51.42±12.41) years old;according to patients' subjective wishes and actual residence conditions, all patients were divided into three groups, named as observation group 1 (performed integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment model intervention), observation group 2 (performed integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment, classified rehabilitation model intervention), and control group(performed routine rehabilitation model intervention). Visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) were used to evaluate postoperative efficacy among three groups at 24 weeks. Possible factors affecting the postoperative efficacy including age, age grouping, gender, body mass index (BMI), BMI grouping, education level, visiting hospital, payment method of medical expenses, preoperative complications, preoperative JOA score, clinical diagnosis, surgery section, operative method, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative complications and rehabilitation mode were listed as independent variables, and postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks as dependent variables. Univariate analysis was used to analyze relationship between influencing factors and postoperative efficacy. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze relationship between influencing factors, rehabilitation mode and postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks, in further to find out the main reasons which affect postoperative efficacy, and to analyze impact of rehabilitation mode on postoperative efficacy. All patients were followed up for 24 weeks after operation. All incisions healed at stage I with stable internal fixation. (1)Evaluation of postoperative efficacy:① There were no statistical differences in preoperative VAS and ODI among three groups(P>0.05), the degree of pain and dysfunction decreased among three groups after operation, and had differences in postoperative VAS and ODI among three groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between observation group 1 and observation group 2(P>0.05); while compared with observation group 1 and control group, observation group 2 and control group, there were significant differences (P<0.05). ②The function among three groups were improved in varying degrees after operation. There was difference in JOA score among three groups before operation and 24 weeks after operation (P<0.05). There were no difference in JOA score among three groups between observation group 1 and observation group 2 (P>0.05);while compared with observation group 1 and control group, observation group 2 and control group, there were significant differences (P<0.05). (2)Influencing factors at 24 weeks after operation:①Univariate analysis showed gender, age, age grouping, education level, preoperative complications, clinical diagnosis, operative section, operative method, preoperative JOA score and rehabilitation mode had statistical significance with postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks (P<0.05). BMI, BMI grouping, payment method of medical expenses, visiting hospital, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative complications had no statistical significance with postoperative ODI score at 24 weeks (P<0.05).②Multivariate analysis results showed gender, rehabilitation mode, age, preoperative JOA score entered the equation eventually, stepwise multiple linear equation obtained had statistical significance (F=12.294, P= 0.000). Among rehabilitation mode, standardized regression coefficient of the integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment with classified rehabilitation model was absolute value of the largest (0.176), which had the greatest influence on postoperative curative effect. The degree of dysfunction in control group was higher than that in observation group 1 and observation group 2. Postoperative dysfunction was more severe in males than that of in females. Older age has higher degree of dysfunction after operation. Lower preoperative JOA score has higher degree of dysfunction after operation. Preoperative JOA score, gender, age could predict postoperative clinical effects of lumbar degenerative diseases in varying degrees treated with single level bone graft fusion and internal fixation. Different rehabilitation modes could improve clinical effects. Intergrated rehabilitation orthopedic treatment model and integrated rehabilitation approach and orthopedic treatment with classifiedrehabilitation model are superior to conventional rehabilitation model in improving patients' postoperative function and relieving pain, which is worthy of promoting in clinical.