Clinical Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Peptide‐Enhanced Bone Graft in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects

Abstract

The goal of periodontal therapy has always been the regeneration of lost attachment apparatus. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) plus anorganic bovine-derived matrix and peptide 15 (ABM/P-15) for periodontal regenerative therapy offers a potentially useful modality for treating periodontal osseous defects. However, it is unknown whether a combination of these materials enhances the outcome of periodontal regenerative therapy. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the two regenerative techniques (autologous PRP plus ABM/P-15 versus autologous PRP) in treating intrabony defects in humans by analyzing the clinical and radiologic parameters. Using a split-mouth design, 28 intrabony defects were treated with autologous PRP (control) or a combination of autologous PRP and ABM/P-15 (test). Clinical parameters such as plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, attachment level, and gingival marginal level were recorded at baseline and 9 months postoperatively. Hard tissue measurements such as defect fill, defect resolution, and change in alveolar crest height were also recorded using spiral computed tomography (CT). A statistically significant difference was observed in all clinical parameters in the test group compared to the control group. Furthermore, spiral CT images revealed significantly greater bone fill in the test group. A combination of PRP plus ABM/P-15 was more effective than PRP alone in the treatment of intrabony defects. Further studies using a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the results of the present study.