Abstract

BackgroundVarying degrees of macular ischemia generally occur in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to evaluate the effect of conbercept with 3+ pro re nata (PRN) on macular perfusion status in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and quantitatively assess changes in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas and capillary density in macular regions by applying optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsFifty patients were divided into ischemic (n = 31) and non-ischemic (n = 19) groups according to the presence of ischemia on OCTA at baseline. All patients received intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg of conbercept with 3+ PRN principle. The FAZ areas and macular vessel density measured using OCTA were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment in both groups.ResultsAt months 3 and 6, the FAZ area in the ischemic group changed from 0.510 ± 0.171 mm2 to 0.441 ± 0.158 mm2 then to 0.427 ± 0.153 mm2 (p = 0.003, p = 0.296); in the non-ischemic group, it remained stable (p = 0.269, p = 0.926). The superficial vessel density changed from 41.1 ± 4.1 to 42.5% ± 4.7% then to 42.6% ± 4.6% (p = 0.043, p = 0.812), and the deep vessel density changed from 40.7 ± 4.4 to 42.3% ± 3.6% then to 42.3% ± 4.7% (p = 0.072, p = 0.961) in the ischemic group. In the non-ischemic group, the superficial vessel density changed from 44.8 ± 3.2 to 46.0% ± 3.5% then to 45.7% ± 3.3% (p = 0.108, p = 0.666), whereas the deep vessel density changed from 43.6 ± 3.6 to 43.8% ± 3.2% then to 43.5% ± 4.5% (p = 0.882, p = 0.736). Reperfusion in macular nonperfusion areas was observed.ConclusionAnti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment may have a positive effect on macular perfusion status. Furthermore, OCTA had advantages in quantifying and calculating blood flow index in the study of macular perfusion status.

Highlights

  • Varying degrees of macular ischemia generally occur in diabetic retinopathy (DR)

  • When a macular region is affected by ischemia, it presents in varying degrees, including disappearance of a part of the macular arch ring capillary network, expansion of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, damage in perifoveal capillaries, and appearance of macular nonperfusion (MNP) area in the macular region

  • We mainly aim to investigate the effects of conbercept with 3+ pro re nata (PRN) on macular perfusion status in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and to quantify FAZ areas and capillary density in the macular region

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Summary

Introduction

Varying degrees of macular ischemia generally occur in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The structure of foveal capillary network is damaged. When a macular region is affected by ischemia, it presents in varying degrees, including disappearance of a part of the macular arch ring capillary network, expansion of the FAZ area, damage in perifoveal capillaries, and appearance of MNP area in the macular region. Macular ischemia results from the occlusion of foveal capillary network, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a vital role in the mechanism by which VEGF leads the closure of retinal vascular in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) [4]

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