Clinical characteristics of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus depending on the type of treatment (a retrospective study)

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Objective: to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with GDM depending on the treatment received to confirm the presence of various subtypes of GDM.Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 474 pregnant women with GDM was carried out. The subjects were divided depending on the treatment method received: I group — 353 pregnant women with GDM who received only diet therapy, II group — 121 pregnant women with GDM who used both diet and insulin therapy. Biochemical and general blood tests, coagulograms at the 20th and 30th weeks of pregnancy, ultrasound results, pharmacological history, concomitant complications and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. The statistical analysis of the results of the study was carried out using R. The differences were recognized as statistically significant at the level of p < 0.05.Results: age, blood pressure, weight and BMI in each trimester and before childbirth did not differ statistically significantly among the groups. Patients receiving insulin therapy had higher levels of urea (p = 0.009), AST (p = 0.03), ALT (p = 0.02), prothrombin (p = 0.02) and D-dimer (p = 0.047). According to the ultrasound data, no significant differences were found. An assessment of the pharmacological history revealed a more frequent use of progesterone preparations in patients with insulin therapy. Concomitant diseases were comparable in patients from different groups.Conclusion: despite the absence of significant differences among the observation groups, the results obtained do not exclude the presence of different subtypes of GSD, but suggest that there is an unjustified prescription of insulin therapy in cases where more intensive dietary changes are required. Of course, further study of this problem is required to confirm the presence of various subtypes of GDM.