CLINICAL AND RENTGENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW INVASIVE TECHNIQUE OF DENTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN LATERAL PARTS OF MANDIBLE IN BONE TISSUE DEFICIENCY

Abstract

Today, minimally invasive dental implant placement techniques along with immediate or early dentition restoration by dentures are widely used and well represented in the scientific literature. The issue of using minimally invasive techniques under bone tissue deficiency is especially relevant in dentistry. Among the approaches in solving this problem, and in particular in the lateral mandibular parts of, there is the bicortical placement of one-stage small diameter implants bypassing the mandibular canal. However, we have not found reliable data on clinical studies of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological stability of thin one-stage implants fixed bicortically by applying minimally invasive technique in the lateral parts of the mandible under bone tissue deficiency. 47 patients with partial or complete loss of teeth in the lower jaw having no severe somatic pathology was examined and included into the study. The first (main) group included 25 patients with severe bone tissue deficiency in the lateral regions, who were subjected to the placement of 146 implants using the minimally invasive implant placement technique we adapted by bicortical placement of small-diameter non-separable implants bypassing the inferior alveolar nerve using a surgical template. The second group (control) consisted of 22 patients with unexpressed atrophy of the lateral parts of the mandible, who received 70 implants placed by the standard one-stage implantation technique. In addition to the generally accepted clinical methods, we determined the hygiene index, the Schiller-Pisarev test and carried out orthopantomographic studies. The results obtained have shown that the minimally invasive technique of dental implant placement is characterized by less complicated and more favourable course of the postoperative period, no pain syndrome, minimal post-traumatic reaction of the soft tissues of the face and oral mucosa, as well as no postoperative inflammatory complications. Orthopaedic treatment using minimally invasive method of dental implant placement for bone tissue deficiency using one-stage small-diameter implants in the lateral parts of the lower jaw created good conditions for personal hygiene. The average level of vertical resorption of peri-implant bone tissue in the first year of functioning was 0.763 ± 0.001 mm, and for two years it did not exceed 0.837 ± 0.001 mm, which corresponds to the generally accepted criteria for effectiveness.