Abstract
Introduction. The growth of oncological morbidity and the advent of novel surgery methods to improve quality of life and longevity entail a steady growth of noncardiac surgery in elderly patients. Provided the general aging of the population, an increase in the number of comorbid patients and a growing use of medical implanted devices, the assessment of main risk factors for perioperative complications acquires a higher relevance.Materials and methods. On the basis of a clinical case of an elderly patient, approaches to perioperative risk assessment; methods for risk factor isolation during the preoperative stage; and the importance of informing the patient about the incurred risk are discussed.Results and discussion. A postmortem examination established stage IV coronary atherosclerosis of 3rd degree, stenosis of left and right coronary artery lumen to 60–80%, atherosclerotic plaque wall raptures in the left coronary artery with haemorrhage into the base (“unstable plaque”), ischemic myocardial dystrophy, pockets of abnormal myocardial blood flow. Th e conducted analysis of the clinical case, along with a review of existing literature sources and American and European guidelines for cardiac risk assessment in non-surgical patients, demonstrates the need for updating domestic recommendations on perioperative risk assessment. Such a revision should complement the current international experience with the meta-analysis of the prognostic value of stress tests, routine coronary angiography and preventive pre-surgical coronary recanalisation.Conclusion. It can be concluded that the existing clinical recommendations and risk assessment scales fail to provide immediate solutions to ensure sufficient patient’s safety in the operating room; rather, these documents should only be considered as a vector for decision making in particular clinical circumstances.
Highlights
The growth of oncological morbidity and the advent of novel surgery methods to improve quality of life and longevity entail a steady growth of noncardiac surgery in elderly patients
It can be concluded that the existing clinical recommendations and risk assessment scales fail to provide immediate solutions to ensure sufficient patient’s safety in the operating room; rather, these documents should only be considered as a vector for decision making in particular clinical circumstances
26 Kertai M.D., Boersma E., Bax J.J., Heijenbrok-Kal M.H., Hunink M.G., L’Talien G.J., et al A meta-analysis comparing the prognostic accuracy of six diagnostic tests for predicting perioperative cardiac risk in patients undergoing major vascular surgery
Summary
В этой статье на примере клинического случая пожилого пациента представлена распространенность проблемы, подходы к оценке периоперационного риска, методы выявления факторов риска на предоперационном этапе и значение информирования пациента об имеющемся риске. Обзор доступной литературы и американских и европейских руководств по оценке кардиологических рисков пациентов нехирургического профиля демонстрируют необходимость разработки новой версии национальных рекомендаций по периоперационной оценке риска. По-видимому, необходимо опираться не только на имеющиеся международные рекомендации, но и на результаты последних метаанализов, посвященных прогностической роли стресс-тестов, рутинной коронарной ангиографии и превентивной реканализации миокарда перед хирургическим вмешательством. Можно резюмировать, что имеющиеся клинические рекомендации и шкалы оценки рисков не содержат готовых рецептов на все случаи жизни, а могут быть только основой для принятия решения в конкретных клинических ситуациях и не обеспечивают достаточную протекцию пациентов в операционной.
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