Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the risk of axillary osmidrosis is governed by a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 538G>A in human ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) gene. However, little data are available for the expression of ABCC11 protein in human axillary apocrine glands that produce apocrine sweat—a source of odor from the armpits. To determine the effect of the non-synonymous SNP ABCC11 538G>A (G180R) on the ABCC11 in vivo, we generated transiently ABCC11-expressing transgenic mice with adenovirus vector, and examined the protein levels of each ABCC11 in the mice with immunoblotting using an anti-ABCC11 antibody we have generated in the present study. Furthermore, we examined the expression of ABCC11 protein in human axillary apocrine glands extracted from axillary osmidrosis patients carrying each ABCC11 genotype: 538GG, GA, and AA. Analyses of transiently ABCC11-expressing transgenic mice showed that ABCC11 538G>A diminishes the ABCC11 protein levels in vivo. Consistently, ABCC11 protein was detected in the human axillary apocrine glands of the 538GG homozygote or 538GA heterozygote, not in the 538AA homozygote. These findings would contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of axillary osmidrosis.
Highlights
Strong or specific body odors may be perceived as unpleasant, and tackling body odor issues as part of daily grooming activities is a common practice in modern society [1,2]
Axillary osmidrosis (AO) could affect an individual’s social life because of the associated strong odors and profuse sweating from the armpit apocrine glands [1,3,4,5]
Accumulating evidence suggests that axillary osmidrosis (AO) risk is governed by a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 538G>A in the human ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11) gene, which is a determinant of human earwax type [10]
Summary
Strong or specific body odors may be perceived as unpleasant, and tackling body odor issues as part of daily grooming activities is a common practice in modern society [1,2]. Axillary odor is often recognized as a distinctive malodor [3]. Axillary osmidrosis (AO) could affect an individual’s social life because of the associated strong odors and profuse sweating from the armpit apocrine glands [1,3,4,5]. The 538G allele has been found to be intimately associated with the high-secretory phenotypes of the apocrine gland, leading to a risk of AO and the wet type of earwax; the 538A allele was associated with the low-secretory phenotypes. Our in vitro study revealed that the ABCC11 wild-type (WT, 538G genotype) protein is matured as a glycoprotein [8]. To date, little is known of the ABCC11 protein expression levels in human axillary apocrine glands
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