Abstract
Acute leukemia (AL) in children up 1 year old is very rare disease, comprise less 5 % of all pediatric AL cases. The clinical course of infant AL is extremely aggressive with frequent extramedullar dissemination, initial hyperleukocytosis and MLL aberrations. Predominance of unfavorable clinical and laboratory features leads to unsatisfactory treatment results by modern curative protocols in children up to 1 year old: 4-year event-free survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is 50.9 ± 4.5 % and 3-year event-free survival for acute myeloid leukemia – 72–74 %. Optimization of therapeutic programs for infant AL with consideration to anatomy and physiologic features of infants, inclusion of targeted drugs (blinatumomab), epigenetic and cell technologies is actual and not resolved problem in modern pediatric oncology-hematology.
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