Abstract
Climatic changes in the Middle Volga District observed from 1828 to 2018 are examined. Long-term air temperature variations are monitored using observation data from Meteorological Observatory of Kazan University (MO KU) (1828-2018), and from 5 meteorological stations located in Orenburg, Penza, Perm, Saratov, Ufa (1885—2018). Spatiotemporal variability of the air temperature and atmospheric precipitations is researched in the Volga Federal District (VFD) on the basis of data from 200 meteorological stations (1954-2018) and NCEP/NCAR, ERA-Interim, ERA5 reanalysis data (1979-2018). The general tendency towards the air temperature rise has been identified for the period considered (in Kazan the annual air temperature mean increased by 4°ccccc from 1828 to 2018). It has also been revealed that the number of days with the minimum temperature (below -20°ccccc) tends to decrease throughout the year, while the number of days with the maximum temperature (over 25°ccccc) tends to increase. The dynamics of the low-frequency component with the period exceeding 15 years is studied for normalized air temperature and atmospheric precipitation anomalies in the VFD between 1954 and 2018. Distribution of great air temperature anomalies within the studied period is evaluated.
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