Abstract
Cities around the world are facing tremendous challenges due to climate change. Tropical cities are significantly impacted by temperature increases, higher than average global rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. In the tropical Asia-Pacific region effects from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation are especially severe, which, in turn, cause disasters such as floods and droughts. Climate change requires cooperation from actors across geopolitical borders to respond to the problem collectively, which involves global networks in the exchange of climate mitigation policies and adaptation plans through a process of policy transfer. This paper examines the processes of policy transfer between the tropical coastal city of Semarang in Indonesia and its global networks in the ‘100 Resilient Cities’, and the ‘Water as Leverage’ programs. The paper analyses interviews with actors and stakeholders from these two programs, and examines key factors that determine the success of the climate change policy transfer in Semarang City.
Highlights
The research methods that are used to answer the underlying question are desk research and interviews as a means of qualitative research methodology to examine the two selected case studies. These methods were chosen based on the fact that the first case study happened in the earlier time period of 2013-2016, and examining the policy transfer process through public documents was necessary in order to give a background to the transfer process;; in order to support the desk research, the authors undertook eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics eTropic 19.2 (2020) Special Issue: Sustainable Tropical Urbanism several interviews with involved stakeholders to confirm emerging questions resulting from the desk research
The results section indicates that the 100 Resilient Cities (100RC) program degree of transfer during the process shows a combination between emulation and inspiration, since Semarang City Government could develop action plans that are suitable within its capability and needs and the City Resilience Framework (CRF) only serves as a basis for how to organise and prioritise the action plans
The policy transfer process is common in contemporary policy making
Summary
Two years Semarang City Resilience Strategy (including its action plans) ● Better disaster management at neighbourhood levels. ● Adoption of actions into urban development plan and strategy. ● Semarang is awarded most innovative city by the National- Planning and Development Agency (BAPPENAS). ● Distant interactions between Initiator, Transfer Agents and Receiver. ● High dependency on the Transfer Agents and Initiator. ● Lack of mutual interactions between two groups of experts. ● Lack of government's willingness to take the lead in the process. ● Absence of a body/institution which assists the City Government to continue the agenda. ● Integrated coastal zone management with the regional government. ● The increasing awareness in finding alternative funding solutions. ● As a trigger for the City Government to find alternative funding through private CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) mechanism
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