Abstract
Introduction: In this study, relevant references are analysed to establish what factors determine migratory movements in the Horn of Africa and what role climate change plays. Methodology: A systematic literature review in five phases is conducted, selecting 221 relevant references based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. These references are used to analyze migration movements and the factors influencing them. Results: A notable increase in publications is highlighted since 2011, coinciding with a devastating drought in the region. Findings indicate that while climate change is an important factor, other elements such as poverty, insecurity, and conflicts play an even more significant role in regional migration. Discussion: Challenges, such as the lack of reliable data and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address these complex issues, are identified. The region faces a critical situation with high levels of food insecurity, conflicts, and climate vulnerability, suggesting that climate change is an added factor to an already complicated situation. Conclusions: The study concludes that integrating climate change, migration, and conflicts in future research is crucial to develop effective and sustainable responses.
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